According to Xinhua News Agency, this is the first time that mankind has unveiled the mystery of the ancient moon back. At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, the Chang’e-4 probe landed independently in the von Carmen impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin on the back of the moon, realizing the first soft landing of the human probe from the back of the moon.
After a long flight of about 380,000 kilometers and 26 days, on January 3, Chang’e-4 entered a moon-landing orbit 15 kilometers away from the moon surface.
Beijing AirlinesBabaylan 1990 cloth drawIn the lobby of the Sky Flight Control Center, with the command of the on-site staff, the Chang’e-4 probe began to reduce its power from 15 kilometers away from the moon, and the speed of the probe gradually dropped from 1.7 kilometers per second to zero per second relative to the moon.
At 6 to 8 kilometers, the detector performs a quick postureKomiks 1960 witch cloth draw adjustment to constantly approach the moon; start hovering 100 meters away from the moon surface, identify obstacles and slopes, and avoid obstacles independently; after selecting a relatively flat area, it begins to slowly and vertically descend. Finally, under the “escort” of the reverse thrust engine and landing buffer mechanism, a more than one ton of detector successfully landed in a pre-selected landing area near 177.6 degrees east longitude and 45.5 degrees south latitude on the back of the moon.
The terrain of Chang’e-4 landing area fluctuates by 6,000 metersBabaylan 1990 cloth draw is one of the largest known impact craters in the solar system. It is considered to be of great value to study the early history of the moon and solar system. After the moon set, through the “macao Bridge” of the relay star, the Chang’e-4 probe carried out many projects such as the expansion of the sun wing and directional antenna, and established a high-code rate link for directional antennas, achieving the “small goal” of stable communication between the back of the moon and the ground.
11:4Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw0, the Chang’e-4 lander obtained the image of the back of the moon and sent it back to the ground.. This is the first image taken by a human probe on the back of the moon.
At 15:7, staff sent instructions to Chang’e-4 through the “Queqiao” relay star at the Beijing Space Flight Control Center, and the separation of the Chang’e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 cruiser (i.e., the lunar rover) began.
On the large screen in the flight control hall, the Chang’e-4 lander stands on the moon, and the sun’s wings are unfolding. The Jade Rabbit II paratrooper stands on the top of the lander, spreads its sun wings and extends its mast. Then, the patrol began to move slowly towards the transfer mechanism. The transfer mechanism was unlocked normally. An inclined ladder was set up between the lander and the moon, and the patrol slowly walked towards the moon along the inclined ladder. At 22:22, the patrol stepped onto the surface of the moon, and the patrol left the first mark on the back of the moon.
Image image of the moon taken by the landing camera of the Chang’e-4 probe’s power descent
Revealed the 7 major highlights of Chang’e-4
Only landing in the mountains and ridges, exploring the origin of the universe, and “planting potatoes” on the moon…
Text/Pic Xinhua News Agency
The Chang’e-4 probe, which took off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on December 8, 2018, finally waited for the destination Antarctic-Aitken Basin, the largest, deepest and oldest crater in the solar system, ushered in dawn.
At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, the Chang’e-4 probe landed independently in the von Karmen impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin on the back of the moon, realizing the first soft landing of the human probe from the back of the moon. At 11:40, the Chang’e-4 lander obtained the first image of the back of the moon and sent it back to the ground.
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How to achieve “autonomous driving”?
Use the “brain” calculation to find the landing point
At 10:15 on January 3, with the assistance of communications from about 65,000 kilometers away from the moon, orbiting the second Lagrangian point of the Earth and the moon, and seeing the Earth and the back of the moon at the same time, the variable thrust engine on Chang’e-4 was ignited, and the speed of the probe dropped from 1.7 kilometers per second to close to zero. The detector adjusted its posture and landed vertically towards the relatively flat bottom of the von Carmen impact crater in the Aitken Basin.
When it is distance Babaylan 1990 clothes drawAt about two kilometers from the moon surface, the projection formed by the sun shining on the moon surface from the east was captured by the camera on the detector. After processing by the computer’s “brain”, it identified the large rocks and craters below, and performed the first obstacle avoidance.
When it was 100 meters away from the moon surface, it hovered in the air, and used laser scanning to identify smaller obstacles and slopes on the moon surface. Its “brain” calculated again to find a safer location as a landing point.
When two meters away from the moon surface, the engine on the detector stopped working, and the golden lander holding the lunar rover fell by its own gravity, and four legs stood firmly on the desolate gray moon surface, raising a piece of moon dust.
The entire landing process lasted about 12 minutes, and it was completed independently by the detector. There was no intervention on the earth, but “Babaylan 1990 clothes drawQui Bridge” sends the landing image back to the command and control center in the suburbs of Beijing.
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How to land in the mountains?
The probe automatically recognizes obstacles and avoids obstacles
Wu Weiren, chief designer of the Chinese lunar exploration project, said that Chang’e-3 is like landing in the North China Plain, while Chang’e-4 is like landing in the mountains in southwest China.
He said that the Chang’e-4 landing area is equivalent to one-eighth of the Chang’e-3 landing area, and there are mountains 10 kilometers above sea level around the landing area. The Von Carmen impact crater in the Aitken Basin is minus 6 kilometers above sea level. Therefore, unlike the smooth parabolic landing trajectory of Chang’e-3, Chang’e-4 is close to vertical landing.
“The landing time is short, difficult and risky, which is a great test for us. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw” said Wu Weiren.
Sun Zezhou, chief designer of Chang’e-4 probe of the Fifth Academy of Space Science and Technology Group, said: “Our information on the lunar terrain of Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw mainly comes from previous remote sensing data around the moon, including remote sensing data from Chang’e-1, Chang’e-2 and some foreign satellites. But none of these data can provide us with sufficient accuracy of terrain information. We cannot know where there are big stones. It is more about the overall macro information and statistical probability. In the end, the landing still depends on the detector to independently identify obstacles. Babaylan 1990 clothes draw and obstacle avoidance. ”
Fifth Academy Chang’e 4 probe itemDirector Zhang Ying of the project said that Chang’e-4 considered how to improve the accuracy of landing in the system design, added orbital corrections during the lunar cycle, and adjusted the power decline control strategy. The detector must reach above the landing area when it is relatively high from the lunar surface and then descend vertically, so that the complex track of Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw rugged terrain will not have an impact on the landing.
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What is the significance of exploring the back of the moon?
Glance to the origin of the universe after the Big Bang
“Gomiks 1960 witch cloth draw
“Gomiks 1960 witch cloth drawKomiks 1960 witch cloth The draw war can lay the foundation for subsequent deep space exploration and asteroid exploration. We hope to have the ability to reach the entire moon and even the entire solar system in the future. “Sun Zezhou said.
Zou Yongliao, director of the General Department of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the back of the moon has unique properties. Chang’e-4 landed on a virgin land that had never been explored on the spot, and perhaps important discoveries could be made.
For astronomers, the back of the moon is a rare place of tranquility, because the moon itself blocks various radio interference signals from the earth, where it may see how the universe escapes from the darkness and lights up the first generation of stars after the Big Bang.
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Why did it land at the Von Carmen crater?
The pits here are still “mysteries”. Due to tidal locking, the moon’s orbit around the earth is the same period of rotation, and the “view” of the moon seen from the earth is always the same. In the era without space probes, the back of the moon has always been a mysterious unknown world.
It was not until about 60 years ago that the Soviet Union’s Moon 3 probe sent back the first image on the back of the moon. About 50 years ago, three astronauts from the United States, Apollo 8, became the first human to witness the back of the moon while flying around the moon.
More and more probes orbiting the moon have made people discover that the back and front of the moon are like this.tps://comicmov.com/”>Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawDifferent: the front is relatively flat, while the back is rugged, with bumpy impact craters; the lunar crust on the back of the moon is much thicker than the front. Why is this happening? It is still a mystery, and only landing detection can reveal this mystery.
The detection of the Von Karmen impact crater has another meaning, and it is named after the Hungarian-American aerospace engineer Von Karmen in the 20th century. Qian Xuesen and Guo Yonghuai, the founders of China’s aerospace industry, are both personal disciples of the “science genius of the aerospace era”.
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This exploration will bring Komiks 1960 witch cloth What surprises are drawn? Babaylan 1990 cloth draw
Will prepare for humans to return to the moon
50 years since humans first landed on the moon. Can humans return to the moon? How much impact will the radiation on the moon have on the moon? How much water is there on the moon? How does the water on the moon come from? Chinese and foreign scientists will find the answers through Chang’e-4 to prepare for humans to return to the moon.
Wen Mu, chief engineer of the Institute of Physics Experimental and Applied by Kiel University in Germany, said: “When astronauts return to Earth, the radiation caused on the moon remains in their bodies. This is a constant danger, so we must understand these radiations. ”
”The experiences of the moon’s childhood have also happened on the earth. But due to geological activities, traces of the earth’s early years have been erased. If you want to understand the long-standing past of the earth, the moon may give us the answer. “Lin Yangting, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.
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What scientific research tasks are there?
Searching “body temperature” for the moon “planting flowers”
The Chang’e-4 mission carries a low-frequency radio detector developed by Chinese and Dutch scientists. “To conduct low-frequency radio astronomical observations on the back of the moon is a dream for astronomers, and it can fill the gap in the low-frequency observation segment in the field of radio astronomy. “Zou Yongliao said.
Chang’e-4 also brought six organisms, cotton, rapeseed, potatoes, Arabidopsis, yeast and fruit flies, to the inanimate moon. They form a microbial circle. People expect the first flower to bloom on the moon.
Chinese scientists have no exact data on how cold the moon’s night is. The Chang’e-4 mission also includes measuring the “body temperature” of the moon.
Shen Zhenrong, the overall chief designer of the Chang’e-4 paratrooper of the Fifth Academy, said that going to the back of the moon is China’s contribution to the world. “Although we don’t know what we can detect in the end, this detection may affect generations.”
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What international cooperation projects are there?
Enabled scientific loads from four countries
In order to enhance international exchanges and cooperation and expand openness and sharing, the Chang’e-4Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw not only carries China’s experimental projects, but also carries the scientific loads from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Saudi Arabia.
Swedish Space Agency’s Minister of Solar Systems Science Department Kohler said the first soft landing on the back of the moon was a huge achievement for China, “We are very happy to be part of this mission.” He said: “There is a theory that water on the moon is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the weathering layer on the moon’s surface. This is a question that Swedish and Chinese scientists want to answer through exploration.” The detector of Chang’e 4 is also equipped with a lunar neutron and radiation dose detector developed by Kiel University in Germany. The total weight of the instrument is about 3 kilograms and can comprehensively measure the radiation environment of neutrons and other particles on the moon’s surface.
Robert Wimmer-Schweiingrub, head of the Chang’e-4 German Science Payload Project Team and Professor at Kiel University, said: “China is working with many international partners, and it is becoming more and more cooperation. I don’t agree with the practice of refusing to cooperate because of concerns about technology outflow. In my opinion, technology will only die out because of refusal to share.”