The research team of the source exploration project believes that around 5,800 years ago, signs of civilization origin appeared in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River. On the morning of the 28th, the State Information Office held a press conference to announce the research results of the “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project”. The source exploration research has proved the 5,000-year civilization of the land of China through large-scale archaeological research conducted on many sites and enriched archaeological data.
In 2001, the archaeological evidence was formally proposed to 5,000 years of civilization
The “Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization” project, referred to as the “Chinese Civilization Origin Exploration Project”, was officially proposed in 2001. During this period, large-scale archaeological excavations were carried out on many sites such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi, and emptied the 5,000 years of civilization in China with rich archaeological data. Guan Qiang, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: The research team of the Exploration Project believes that around 5,800 years ago, there were signs of civilization origin in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the West Liao River. From 5,300 years ago, various regions in China have gradually entered the stage of civilization; around 3,800 years ago, the Central Plains region has formed a more mature form of civilization, and has radiated cultural influence to all directions, becoming the core and leader of the overall process of Chinese civilization.
The formation of a diversified and integrated pattern has achieved overall understanding
Babaylan The Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project has achieved another major achievement in the development of the diversified and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization, and has demonstrated the overall characteristics of Chinese civilization’s “diversity, inclusiveness, and continuousness”.
Guan Qiang: Research shows that the local societies behind the diverse cultural phenomenon have various differences in their respective environmental foundations, economic content, social operation mechanisms, religion and social consciousness in their respective environments, economics, and religion and social consciousness in their long-term communication and interaction, and finally consolidate and condense the Erlitou culture.The core of civilization has opened up the three generations of civilization of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The origin and early development of Chinese civilization are a diverse and integrated process.
Chinese civilization itself develops and widely absorbs foreign civilizations
In terms of the influence of foreign civilizations, the research on the source believes that Chinese civilization has widely absorbed the influence of foreign civilizations in its own development. For example, wheat cultivation technology originating from West Asia, Central Asia and other regions, feeding of domestic animals such as scalpers and sheep, and bronze smelting technology have gradually been integrated into Chinese civilization and have been transformed to create a new look.
Looking at the beginning of China and writing a “family genealogy” for five thousand years
The “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project” is another major scientific research project supported by the state to combine multidisciplinary research on Chinese history and ancient culture after the “Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project”. Since the official proposal of Komiks in 2001, four stages of research have been implemented, and the “China” before China has gradually become clear.
Focus on urban ruins. At that time, early countries had already begun to explore the source research, focusing on several urban ruins such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi.
The Liangzhu site in Zhejiang Province, an inner city built about 5,000 years ago, 1,800 meters long, 1,500 meters wide, and an outer city with an area of 8 million square meters was discovered. In order to prevent flooding, large dams were built with a length of 3.5 kilometers, a width of more than ten meters and a height of several meters. Its engineering volume is second to none among the buildings of the same period in the world.
The Taosi site in Shanxi was also found, a giant city site built 4,300 years ago. The 2.8 million square meters of city already have strict functional divisions such as palace areas, handicraft workshop areas, general residential areas and tomb areas.
The total area of the ancient city in Shimao, Shaanxi is 4 million square meters. It is composed of the imperial city, inner city and outer city. The ancient city is built with stones on the hills. The walls of the imperial city are as high as 9 meters high, and the gates of the outer city are majestic and tall balusters.
One of the heads of the comprehensive research project for the origin and early development of Chinese civilization Wang Wei: Early civilizations have begun to appear in all regions. Its symbol is the emergence of royal power, large city sites, high-level buildings, so-called palaces, and higherKomiks‘s tombs. These points are an important symbol for judging civilization. Ultimately, the emergence of a country. The emergence of a country will have some material manifestations, such as large city sites and large projects.
Looking at the beginning of China The ancient country has exceeded a thousand years
Searching for origin research has found that Chinese civilization is actually scattered in the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the WestBabaylan href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Komiks Many local civilizations in the Liaohe River Basin form a huge clump, which is far larger than several other ancient civilizations in the world. From about 5,800 years ago, prehistoric society in the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin and the Xiliao River area has begun to accelerate towards complexity.
From the origin of Chinese civilization to about the present day<a Komiks3800Komiks, for more than a thousand years, there are many sayings about “the world is all nations” during this period. Research on origins calls this stage the “Ancient Kingdom era” and believes that it is the first major stage of the early development of Chinese civilization.
Diver diversity: laying the foundation of the three generations and becoming a historical trend
In the past thousand yearsLocal civilizations have their own evolutionary methods and characteristics, rising and falling one after another, and they exchange and compete with each other to make up for their weaknesses. They gradually showed the trend of “integration” and merged into a torrent of Chinese civilization. In the late ancient times, the Central Plains region represented by Erlitou, Henan, absorbed a large number of foreign advanced cultural factors, and at the same time began to radiate its powerful influence to the outside world, presenting an unprecedented dynasty atmosphere.
Babaylan This process is called “the diversity and integration of Chinese civilization” in the research on origin. As a historical trend, it laid the foundation for the “three generations of civilizations” in the future of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and also became a distant cause and source for the formation of multi-ethnic countries.
Wang Wei: We are all familiar with the 5,000-year-old Chinese civilization, but in fact, how much historical basis is there, whether it is true or mythical legend, is a very important issue for the Chinese nation. Our research has confirmed the civilizations over 5,000 years ago through archaeological discoveries and multidisciplinary combinations, which is also an important contribution to the research of world civilization.
Lingjiatan Ruins The “miniature” of diverse civilizationKomiks
Among the many sites that explore the origin and study, the Lingjiatan Ruins in Anhui are relatively early in terms of age. More than 5,000 years ago, Chinese civilization underwent major changes, and Lingjiatan is located at one of the earliest nodes. Its jade making technology reached its peak at that time. A wide trench more than 2,000 meters long divided the living area and the tomb area, reflecting the “planning wisdom” of the ancestors.
The Lingjiatan site is located in Lingjiatan Natural Village, Tongzha Town, Hanshan County, Anhui Province. Since its excavation in 1987, a large number of exquisite jade, stone, pottery and other cultural relics have been unearthed, among which the jade is particularly prominent: a jade dragon unearthed is basically similar to the jade dragon after the Han Dynasty; 6 jade men, with serious facial expressions and solemnly raised their hands, as if they were praying; so far, the site has been unearthedBabaylanThe jade eagle is also the only one in the country. It carved on both sides, with the front and back sides exactly the same, and the production process is very superb. These jade artifacts express the worship of gods, witches and totems of ancient ancestors.
As axe-shaped jade axe has been found, more than 0 pieces of Cinema have been found. There are often one of the tombs of jade and stone axes unearthed. It is often a relatively large one and is placed in a special position, located on the chest or face of the human body. Experts say that the axe is usually related to military power or royal power.
Lingjiatan Sub Project Leader of the Comprehensive Research Project on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization Shuozhi: The craftsmanship of Lingjiatan jade tools has reached the highest peak at that time. It may be in the innovative period of the development of Chinese jade culture, so it has a lot of quantity and variety, unlike Liangzhu jade cong and walls. The emergence of this highest peak is not for no reason, and there will definitely be huge changes in social organizations.
Archaeological experts believe that making jade with superb craftsmanship requires a group of specialized jade workers who are separated from or semi-existed from agricultural labor, similar to handicrafts being separated from agriculture, reflecting the major changes in society at that time. In recent years, archaeologists have conducted in-depth excavation and research on the 1.4 million square meters of Lingjiatan site. A trench of more than 2,000 meters is increasingly presented to people today, reflecting the “planning wisdom” that the ancestors of Lingjiatan have had many years ago.
Shuozhi: It is twenty or thirty meters wide, and the deepest part can reach six or seven meters. Such a large project requires considerable organizational ability to coordinate. It also has a more important role. The aristocratic cemetery is outside the trench. Inside this trench is where people live at that time, it separates the living area of people at that time from the tomb.
Archaeological experts introduced that the heyday of Lingjiatan site was between 5,500 and 5,300 years ago. It was not conspicuous before this, and it was small settlements with more than 20 sites currently known around it. After that, these settlements gradually disappeared or declined, and the relatively central location of Lingjiatan eventually evolved into the Yangtze River at that time.//comicmov.com/”>CinemaThe area of the downstream area is CinemaThe largest and most developed regional center.
Shuozhi: It is a bit like urbanization, everyone is concentrated in a large center. In view of this change in a small area, it is a process from scattered to concentration, from diversity to integration. It seems that the formation of our entire Chinese civilization is the same.
Source｜CCTV News
Editor｜Fan Meiling