French media: Monkey Cinema experiment may solve the mystery of the origin of language

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 29, New Media Special Report French media said that experiments show that although green long-tailed monkeys and long-tailed black-jawed monkeys living on both sides of the African continent embarked on different evolutionary paths 3.5 million years ago, when they face danger,Will use the same vocabulary.

AFP reported on May 27 that the new study published in the British journal Nature Ecology and Evolution that day not only illustrates how primates—including humans—cope with threats, but also illustrates the basic composition of language itself.

The long-tailed black-jawed monkey living on the East African savannah makes three different calls when it discovers three major natural enemies, leopards, snakes and eagles.

Heard the screams but cannot see themKomiksThe monkeys of natural enemies will respond accordingly according to different calls: the screams about leopards will prompt them to climb a tree, the screams about snakes will prompt them to stand still, and the screams about eagles will cause them to scan the sky while looking for a hiding place.

It’s like a sentry shouting, “Don’t move, there’s a snake!” or “Leave the ground, there’s a leopard!”

The study’s lead author and head of the cognitive ethics laboratory at the German Primate Center pointed out that these unique warning calls were discovered 30 years ago, triggering debate about whether it was the original vocabulary.

This also raises questions about its origin. Did the cub of the long-tailed black-jawed monkey learn these calls by imitating adult monkeys? Or are these calls delivered through genes?

To deepen understanding, Fischer and his colleagues had an idea: “We decided to introduce a drone to fly over the green long-tailed monkey community and expose them to potential dangers from the sky that they had never encountered before.”

The drone flew over these defenseless monkeys in about 60 meters of air. The monkeys responded immediately after discovering the drone: they sired and then hurriedly sought cover.

This call is not only different from Komiks‘s response to leopards or snakes, but is also “surprisingly similar” to the call made by the long-tailed black-jawed monkey in East Africa.

Fischer noted: “Despite the evolutionary differences of 3.5 million years, the call structure has basically not changed.”

In terms of evolutionary biologists, the warning of danger is “highly preserved.”

SameBabaylanKurt Hammerschmidt from the German Primate Research Center said the fact that green long-tailed monkeys react to drones rather than other large birds in the region demonstrates a subtle but importantThe difference. “The warning scream has nothing to do with the eagle itself. It seems to correspond to a broader category: ‘flying stuff’.”

To find out what monkeys learned from the incident where drones flew over, scientists conducted a second experiment a few days later. They hid a megaphone next to a monkey looking for food alone and played back the sound of the drone. “After hearing the sound, the monkey looked up and searched the sky.” The second test showed that just one exposure to a new threat was enough to let the monkeys know the meaning of the warning call, which showed that they had extraordinary adaptability.

The researchers speculate that the monkey calls from hereditary—and its accompanying meaning—are similar to those made by human babies.

Hamerchmidt said: “When a child is born, he has the innate language ability before he learns to speak, such as moaning, laughing and crying.”

For some reason, humans have learned to transcend these inherent words and make new voices with new meanings. But at all levels of culture and learning, some core reactions that fall within the category of evolutionary psychology remain.